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Non-Medical Delphi References

Non-medical Delphi references and applications

Medical and health research are a major part of Surveylet’s work, but Delphi methods are also widely used in policy, education, technology foresight, sustainability, workforce planning, organizational strategy, stakeholder engagement, and live group decision-making. This page brings Surveylet’s non-medical applications and public references together in one place.

Non-medical Delphi references and applications

Delphi methods are useful far beyond medicine

Delphi studies are helpful whenever a team needs structured judgment from experts or stakeholders, especially when the topic is complex, future-oriented, uncertain, multidisciplinary, or difficult to resolve through a simple survey or meeting.

Surveylet can support multi-round Delphi, real-time Delphi, expert prioritization, scenario development, rating studies, stakeholder consultation, and structured feedback workflows across many non-medical domains.

The references below highlight public non-medical Delphi, real-time Delphi, foresight, policy, sustainability, and stakeholder-consensus work. Where a publication or project directly identifies Surveylet or Calibrum, that connection is stated explicitly; other entries are included as broader examples of how Delphi methods are used outside healthcare.

Common non-medical Delphi use cases

Policy and public sector planning

Prioritize options, identify gaps, and gather structured expert input for government, international development, and public programs.

Technology foresight

Explore future scenarios, emerging technologies, innovation priorities, and long-term uncertainty.

Education and workforce

Develop competencies, future skills, professional standards, and education priorities.

Environment and sustainability

Support stakeholder consensus around sustainability, food safety, water reuse, climate, and environmental programs.

Organizational strategy

Help leadership teams and expert panels align around strategic priorities, risks, and decision criteria.

Research prioritization

Rank research gaps, funding priorities, collaborative opportunities, and future research directions.

Scenario planning

Use structured expert input to develop plausible futures, opportunities, threats, and action roadmaps.

Stakeholder consultation

Collect and synthesize input from multiple groups while reducing dominance effects and preserving structured feedback.

Conferences, boards, and workshops

Help larger groups evaluate options, identify priorities, surface disagreement, and record a structured decision without relying only on sequential open discussion.

Why teams use Delphi outside healthcare

Delphi is especially useful when evidence is incomplete, perspectives differ, participants are distributed, or an ordinary meeting risks being shaped by hierarchy or the loudest voices.

Anonymous expert input

Participants can contribute candidly without hierarchy, seniority, status, or group dynamics dominating the conversation.

Structured feedback

Panelists can review controlled group feedback, comments, ratings, or rankings before reconsidering their responses.

Measurable agreement

Teams can define consensus thresholds, identify disagreement, and document uncertainty in a transparent way.

Prioritization

Large lists of ideas, risks, criteria, recommendations, or research questions can be narrowed into an ordered set of priorities.

Distributed participation

Experts and stakeholders can participate remotely across organizations, regions, institutions, or countries.

Repeatable process

The method provides a clear process that can be documented for reports, boards, sponsors, grant funders, or publications.

Make better decisions during the meeting

In a room with 15, 20, or more participants, it can be difficult to hear every perspective, challenge a senior colleague, and still reach a clear outcome within the agenda. Surveylet Live Consensus Sessions let participants respond independently, review anonymized group feedback, and reconsider their responses while the meeting is still in progress.

Give every participant a voice

Collect input from the full group at the same time rather than limiting the discussion to those who have time or confidence to speak.

Reduce hierarchy effects

Let participants disagree or suggest alternatives through anonymized responses instead of openly challenging another attendee.

Use meeting time efficiently

Show the group where views already align, where disagreement remains, and which issues actually require discussion.

All non-medical references

Browse the full collection or focus on a field of application. These examples span published Surveylet and Calibrum studies, methodological references, and wider non-medical Delphi applications.

32references

7

Lessons Learned from a Two-Round Delphi-based Scenario Study

Schmalz, Spinler & Ringbeck · MethodsX · 2021

This technical methods paper identifies Calibrum among available web-based real-time Delphi platforms while explaining practical lessons from Delphi-based scenario research. It is a methodological software reference rather than a project-specific Surveylet deployment.

8

Citizen science: generating ideas and exploring consensus

THIS Institute · 2018 · Consensus-methods report / Delphi software comparison

This methods report compares tools for generating ideas and exploring consensus and lists Surveylet by Calibrum as a paid platform supporting both Delphi and real-time Delphi, noting its use across European Commission projects.

9

Outsourcing in humanitarian logistics – status quo and future directions

Goßler, Wakolbinger & Burkart · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · 2020

This two-round e-Delphi, conducted with 31 practitioners from 24 humanitarian organizations, was administered electronically using Calibrum Surveylet to identify and assess future outsourcing developments in humanitarian logistics.

12

Talent identification and development recommendations in youth sports: a real-time Delphi study

Kyle J. M. Bennett, William McCalman, Scott G. Goddard, A. Mark Williams & Job Fransen · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · 2026

The researchers facilitated their real-time Delphi using SurveyLET (Calibrum). Experts evaluated agreement and feasibility, viewed immediate aggregated results with distribution charts and median/interquartile-range statistics, and reviewed anonymous comments before deciding whether to revise their judgments.

13

Communities of Practice (CoPs) – supporting innovation and opportunity in practice and research

Megan Hennessy et al. · Australian Association of Gerontology Conference 2026 · Workforce / education / implementation

This conference material describes a 47-item, eight-week real-time Delphi conducted with the Calibrum system and 37 international experts from diverse domains including health and aged care, higher education, government, and business. The work produced a structured reporting guide for Communities of Practice.

14

Real-Time Delphi in Practice: A Comparative Analysis of Existing Software-Based Tools

Aengenheyster, Cuhls, Gerhold, Heiskanen-Schüttler, Huck & Muszynska · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · 2017

This important real-time Delphi methodology article compared existing software-based tools and included Surveylet among the evaluated platforms. It is a strong public reference for Surveylet’s position as a professional real-time Delphi platform used in academic and applied foresight work.

15

SpaceScape: The Future of Space in 100 Years

UAE Space Agency · VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland · International Astronautical Congress, Washington, DC · 2019

This high-profile space foresight exercise used a Surveylet-supported Delphi-style expert consultation to explore the future space landscape over a 100-year horizon, including space exploration, settlement, technology pathways, policy, investment, and international collaboration.

17

FISTERA: The future of European information technologies

European Commission-related foresight · ICT and social implications

A Delphi study focused on the evolution of information and communication technologies and their social, industrial, human-resource, and research-policy implications.

22

FESTOS: Security threats posed by emerging technologies

Emerging technology · Security foresight

FESTOS focused on future security threats posed by emerging technologies, including ICT, nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics, new materials, and converging technologies.

24

EUFORIA: Knowledge Society foresight

European knowledge society · Foresight methods

EUFORIA used foresight methods, including a cross-national multilingual online Delphi survey, to examine the path toward a European knowledge society.

25

EXTACAST: Political forecasting

Political forecasting · Expert prediction and revision

A panel with diverse expertise was invited to make and justify forecasts through Surveylet, then revise based on anonymized forecasts from other panelists.

26

MobiCom: The evolution of mobile commerce

Mobile commerce · Business strategy and scenario planning

The MobiCom project involved industrial partners in scenario planning and insight generation related to the future shape of mobile service markets.

31

SAFE FOODS: Food risk management

Food safety · Integrated risk analysis

SAFE FOODS focused on an integrated risk-analysis approach that considered consumer concerns and transparency in food risk management.

32

Characterizing ethical decision-making and its influences

Organizational leadership · Ethics and decision-making

This exploratory Delphi study identified how higher-administration leaders in the United States and Poland define ethical decision-making and understand its influencing factors.

What these studies have in common

Complex topics

They involve uncertainty, multiple perspectives, and questions where one dataset or one expert is not enough.

Distributed expertise

They bring together experts, stakeholders, practitioners, policymakers, or affected communities.

Structured feedback

They use organized rating, comments, feedback, revision, and prioritization rather than informal discussion alone.

How Surveylet supports non-medical Delphi work

Multi-round studies

Support repeated rating rounds, feedback, comments, and consensus tracking.

Real-time Delphi

Allow participants to review structured feedback and revise responses during an active survey window.

Prioritization and ranking

Collect structured input on priorities, scenarios, statements, criteria, and recommendations.

Stakeholder segmentation

Support comparisons across expert groups, roles, sectors, regions, or stakeholder categories.

Randomization controls

Use page sequence randomization and other allocation workflows when survey fatigue or exposure balance matters.

Ratings, rankings, and comments

Collect structured quantitative ratings, rankings, qualitative comments, and rationale for decisions.

Exports and reporting

Prepare responses, comments, consensus status, and round-by-round results for analysis, stakeholder reports, steering committees, publications, and decision materials.

Live conference and meeting sessions

Use Real-Time Delphi to collect simultaneous input, display anonymized group feedback, support reconsideration, and document a decision during the event.

Platform access or study support

Some teams only need Surveylet as a specialized Delphi platform. Others want help designing the study, structuring the questionnaire, configuring Surveylet, managing rounds, analyzing results, preparing reports, or supporting a live session.

Surveylet platform

For teams with their own methodology lead that need purpose-built Delphi and real-time Delphi administration, participant access and response tracking, ratings and comments, consensus feedback, and data exports.

Calibrum support services

For teams that want help with study design, questionnaire and scale refinement, Surveylet configuration, launch and round management, analysis and reporting, or live consensus session planning and facilitation.

Planning a non-medical Delphi study or live group decision?

Calibrum can provide Surveylet as a specialized Delphi platform, help design and report a multi-round or real-time consensus process, or support a structured live decision-making session in policy, education, strategy, technology, workforce planning, forecasting, sustainability, stakeholder engagement, and other non-medical fields.